Internal Control - The Why and How

Many retailers do not have good internal controls inby mail to the other store. The another copy is sent
place and place little importance on them. They arewith the merchandise to the receiving store. The
concerned with the buying and selling of merchandisereceiving store uses the transfer document to ensure
and do not place enough emphasis on making certainthey received all the merchandise. Once they have
that the sales get recorded, the money gets in thesigned off, one copy of the receiving document is
bank, the invoices are paid only once and thesent to the office where it is matched with the first
inventory reports are correct.Why should you becopy. This ensures that all transfers are accounted
interested in establishing and maintaining sound internalfor and recorded properly.Cash refunds should always
controls? Good internal controls help ensure thebe a two-person transaction, with the store manager
accuracy, completeness and validity of information.being the second person. Require the customer's
They help to prevent anyone from deliberatelysignature, address and phone number on the cash
tampering with information and also help preventrefund slip to verify that they received the cash.
employee dishonesty. Internal controls do this bySomeone in the office should follow up on customer
building checks and balances into your procedures andreturns with a phonecall to the customer to make
record keeping system.What happens when internalsure the customer was well treated in the store
controls are lacking? Following are several exampleswhen they made their return. This also serves to
of actual incidents where we were called upon byvalidate the fact that the return was in fact made.
retailers after they discovered occurrences of internalRequire that the customer's copy of the original sales
theft.The store manager who was "transferring"slip be attached to the cash refund slip. Enterprising
merchandise from one store to another. In fact, heshoplifters have been known to try to obtain a cash
was diverting the merchandise for his own use.Therefund by returning stolen merchandise. Also, if a
bookkeeper who "adjusted" her own charge accountcustomer wants a refund for merchandise paid for
so she was getting her merchandise free.Theby check, a refund check should be mailed after
salesperson who processed cash refunds usingsufficient time has elapsed to ensure that the
fictitious names and pocketed the money.The cashiercustomer's check will not be returned to you by the
who destroyed cash sales tickets and pocketed thebank.Checks should never be signed unless all the
cash.The bookkeeper who used company checks tosupporting documentation is there; then this
pay her personal bills.The receiving clerk who helpeddocumentation should be "canceled" in some manner
himself to new merchandise that had beenso it cannot be used for another check. This is also a
received.The above examples resulted in losses togood time to check for discounts that were not
these retailers ranging from several thousand dollarstaken or for credit memos that were not
to fifty thousand dollars. In all these instances, good,deducted.One are in which employees can accomplish
sound internal controls were either lacking or nottheft in wholesale quantities is in the receiving area.
being enforced.The above examples emphasizedTo prevent employees from putting boxes of
internal theft; however, lack of sound, well-enforcedmerchandise in with the empty boxes from receiving
internal controls can also result in other problems forso they can take it out for an accomplice to pick up
the retailer. For example, without them the followinglater, keep the trash area separate from other areas
can occur:Vendor invoices paid twice. This not onlyin receiving so the store manager can easily check
reduces cash but overstates book inventory andthe trash at any time. You could also require that the
results in shrinkage.Inaccurate managementempty boxes be broken down so no merchandise
information resulting in wrong decisions being made.Ifcan be hidden in them. Clear plastic bags should be
charge sales or payments are posted to customersused to collect trash.If you are using a computerized
accounts incorrectly you run the risk of losingrecord keeping system, ensure that passwords are
valuable customers.How difficult is it to institute aused wherever appropriate to prevent unauthorized
system of good internal controls in your store? Itpersons from knowingly or inadvertently changing
does not require excessive amounts of extra workdata. A disgruntled employee could deliberately
and time to put good them in place. Many controlssabotage the company's records or change their
are very easily established with only minor changesbalance in accounts receivable.As a retailer, you
to the existing procedures. The hardest part isshould be very concerned with having good internal
actually identifying all the areas wherecontrols in place to safeguard your assets (cash and
internal controls are lacking. While the store owner ismerchandise) and to ensure that the company's
the personrecords are correct. Once internal controls are in
most familiar with the store's operations, manyplace steps must be taken to ensure that all
times it takes the review of a retail specialist toprocedures are followed at all times.The National
identify the areas where internal controls areRetail Federation publishes a handbook titled "Internal
needed.If you are wondering if your internal controlsAudit Manual" that can be helpful in determining your
are adequate, following is a sampling of severalcompany's weak areas. If you do not have the time
common control procedures and why they areor inclination to do this yourself, seek outside
important.If handwritten sales slips are being used,assistance. It will be well worth the money spent.If
they should be numbered and all numbers should beyou do not invest the time and money to set up
accounted for in the office. This helps preventgood internal controls now, you will be paying for it
employees from destroying cash sales slips andlater in the form of theft, by employees or others,
pocketing the money. It also helps to prevent theand inaccurate, misleading management
inaccuracy of sales, inventory and accountsinformation.This article was written by Linda Carter,
receivable records due to misplaced or lost salesPresident of The Retail Management Advisors, a retail
slips.All transfers of merchandise from one store toconsulting firm whose mission is to help independent
another should be documented using numbered, 4-plyretailers survive and thrive. Linda can be reached at
transfer documents. One copy of the transfer1-877-206-1299 or Our web site is can reprint this
document is sent immediately to the office. Onearticle as long as the above information is included.
copy is kept in the sending store, one copy is sent