| Origin of Takaful | | | | 3. Interest (riba) in the investment activities of the |
| Originated from the Arabic word Kafalah, which | | | | conventional insurance companies; |
| means "guaranteeing each other" or "joint guarantee". | | | | 4. Conventional insurance companies are motivated |
| Takaful originated within the ancient Arab tribes as a | | | | by the desire for profit for the shareholders; |
| pooled liability that obliged those who committed | | | | Mode of Operation |
| offences against members of a different tribe to pay | | | | The policyholders agree to guarantee each other and, |
| compensation to the victims or their heirs. | | | | instead of paying premiums, they make contributions |
| Takaful is founded on the cooperative principle and | | | | to a mutual fund or pool & create the Takaful |
| on the principle of separation between the funds and | | | | fund. The amount of contribution that each |
| operations of shareholders, thus passing the | | | | participant makes is based on the type of cover |
| ownership of the Takaful (Insurance) fund and | | | | they require, and on their personal circumstances. As |
| operations to the policyholders | | | | in conventional insurance, the policy (Takaful |
| In modern-day conventional insurance, the insurance | | | | Contract) specifies the nature of the risk and period |
| vendor (the insurance company) sells policies and | | | | of cover. |
| invests the proceeds for the profit of its | | | | The Takaful fund is managed and administered on |
| shareholders, who are not necessarily policyholders. | | | | behalf of the participants by a Takaful Operator who |
| There is therefore a clear disjunction between | | | | charges an agreed fee to cover costs. These costs |
| policyholders and shareholders | | | | include the costs of sales and marketing, |
| Principles of Takaful | | | | underwriting, and claims management. Any claims |
| - Policyholders co-operate among themselves for | | | | made by participants are paid out of the Takaful |
| their common good. | | | | fund and any remaining surpluses, after making |
| - Every policyholder pays a part of the contribution | | | | provisions for likely cost of future claims and other |
| as a donation to help those that need assistance. | | | | reserves, belong to the participants in the fund, and |
| - Losses are divided and liabilities spread according to | | | | not the Takaful Operator, and may be distributed to |
| the community pooling system. | | | | the participants in the form of cash dividends or |
| - Uncertainty is eliminated in respect of subscription | | | | distributions, alternatively in reduction in future |
| and compensation. | | | | contributions |
| - It does not seek to derive advantage at the cost | | | | Retakaful or Reinsurance |
| of others. | | | | When insurers insure a risk again with another |
| Difference between conventional insurance & | | | | company, it is called reinsurance which allows the |
| Takaful | | | | insurance industry to spread its losses, lessening the |
| 1. Conventional insurance involves the elements of | | | | impact of claims on any one company. |
| excessive uncertainty (gharar) in the contract of | | | | There is currently a shortage of retakaful capacity |
| insurance; | | | | and the lack of companies in the market presents a |
| 2. Gambling (maysir) as the consequences of the | | | | challenge as well as an opportunity. The challenge is |
| presence of excessive uncertainty that rely on future | | | | to have a large enough Takaful market to justify |
| outcomes | | | | ReTakaful business. |