| World War II gave birth to the quantitative | | | | accomplish its mission and realize its vision. |
| management perspective. Large companies during the | | | | With the mention of DVDs in the case, BWTV is |
| post-war period adopted quantitative techniques | | | | obviously a company that started after the 1980s. |
| adopted by the military for the effective | | | | The company should, therefore, be concerned about |
| management of resources. | | | | the contemporary challenges that it must face to |
| Daft (1998) noted that the classical management | | | | operate viably and effectively. |
| perspective worked well in the United States during | | | | Joseph’s interest in knowing the managerial |
| the 1950s to 1960s. He attributed the success of this | | | | theory that BWTV is currently adopting indicates that |
| management perspective to World War II which | | | | he is on the right track. |
| shuttered the economies of Japan and Europe, | | | | The organizational environment contains forces that |
| leaving the playing field to the North Americans. | | | | operate around an organization and have potential |
| The 1980s according to Daft (1998) created a | | | | impact on the operations and resources of the |
| paradigm shift in management as companies changed | | | | company. Davidson and Griffin (2006) explained that |
| corporate cultures. Companies began to value leaner | | | | a company has its internal and external environment. |
| organizations, flexibility and the capability to serve | | | | The external environment is defined to be anything |
| customers fast. This was the period when the | | | | outside of the organization while the internal |
| management perspective shifted from the classical to | | | | environment refers to the conditions and forces |
| the contingency management perspective which | | | | within the organization. |
| belongs to the domain of the contemporary | | | | Organizations can manage the internal environment |
| management theory. The paradigm shift became | | | | more effectively because they are in direct control |
| necessary to address the changes in the rapidly | | | | of the conditions and forces within the organzition. |
| changing business environment. Such changes include, | | | | The external environment, on the other hand, |
| among others, globalization, advances in technology | | | | represents forces that cannot be controlled by the |
| and communications, and diversity. Organizations also | | | | organziation. Environmental uncertainties posed by the |
| started to be concerned about ethics and social | | | | external environment can only be managed but not |
| responsibility as it started to have a public face as a | | | | controlled by an organization. |
| corporate citizen. | | | | The extenal forces have been categorized by David |
| The shift from the older management approaches | | | | (2001) into (1) economic forces, (2) social, cultural, |
| does not necessarily mean that they have no value | | | | demographic and environmental forces, (3) political, |
| to the companies today. Davidson and Griffin (2006) | | | | governmental and legal forces, (4) technological |
| explains that the contemporary management theory | | | | forces, and (5) competitive forces. Davidson and |
| seeks to integrate the valuable elements of the | | | | Griffin (2006) included international dimension as the |
| classical, behavioral and qualitative management | | | | sixth force and collectively termed these forces as |
| perspectives through the systems theory and the | | | | the general environment which is one of the layers |
| contingency theory. | | | | of the external environment. |
| The challenge now for companies is how to | | | | The other layer, according to Davidson and Griffin |
| successfully blend the theories by drawing lessons | | | | (2006) is the task envrironment which is composed |
| from the past and adopt to a management style | | | | of the cumpetitors, customers, suppliers, regulators |
| that will drive the organization to effectively | | | | and strategic alliances. |